Participles add on special usage to the basic forms of the verbs. There are four forms of verbs.

V1- Routine, Habits, Universal Facts, General Discussion

V2- to show indefinite actions of past.

V3- to show perfect actions

Ving- continuous actions

• Present participle
• Past participle
• Perfect participle

Present participle

• There are two actions.
• There will be no time pass between those two actions.
• It shows quick action             HI
• YE KHABAR SUNTE HI, VAH CHAUK GYA.

Hearing this news, he was shocked.

• FIRST ATTEMPT ME AIR 1 LAKAR, USNE APNE PARIVAR KA NAAM ROSHAN KAR DIYA. 

Getting AIR 1st in first attempt, he glorified his family’s name.

Syntax

1st Sentence- begins with ING form.

2nd Sentence- as per the tense and category of the sentence.

• BINA TYARI KE EXAM QUALIFY KRKE, USNE APNE IQ LEVEL PROVE KAR DIYA HAI.

Qualifying exam without preparation, he has proved his IQ level.

• SAMAY SE EK GHANTA PHLE PHUNCH KAR, TUMNE APNE DISCIPLINE KO SHOW KIYA HAI.

Reaching an hour earlier, you have shown your discipline.

• SABHI PRASHNO KE SHI UTTAR DEKAR, VAH APNE TALENT KO PROVE KAR DEGA.

Answering all questions correctly, he will prove his talent.

Miscellaneous Exercise

• SAB KE SAMNE APNI PROBLEMS KO SHARE KRKE, USNE LOGO SE SYMPATHY GAIN KI.

Sharing his problems in front of everyone, he gained sympathy from them.

• DIRECT IN SENTENCES KI ENGLISH BNA KAR, AAP APNI EFFICIENCY KO AUR ENHANCE KRENGE.

Forming these sentences directly into English, you will enhance your efficiency.

• DAILY 2 BAAR EXERCISE KRKE, TUM APNI SABHI SAMASYAON KO DOOR KAR LOGE.

Doing exercise two times daily, you will solve all your problems soon.  

• TUMSE BAAT KRKE MERA MAN HALKA HO JATA HAI.

Talking to you, I feel relaxed.

• USKI SANGATI ME AAKAR VAH AUR BIGAD GYA HAI.

Getting in touch with him, he has spoiled himself more.

• LUCKNOW PHUCHTE HI KUCH BACHCHO KO HWA LAG JATI HAI.

Reaching Lucknow, some kids get influenced.  

• QUESTION BANK SE STUDY KRKE, MAINE SABHI TOPICS KA BRIEF LE LIYA HAI.

Studying from question bank, I have taken brief of all the topics.

• EXAM KE DAURAN KAI BAAR MUJHE CALL KRKE, VAH MERA ATTENTION BREAK KAR DETA HAI.

Calling me several times during exams, he breaks my attention.

• IN GAANO KO SUNKAR, MUJHE MERA BACHPAN YAAD AA JATA HAI.

Listening to these songs, I remember my childhood.

Past participle

• V3 becomes adjective. 
• It is applicable to only transitive verbs.
• “HUA” word of Hindi language is used.
• Washed clothes
• Missed calls
• Dialed calls
• Received calls
• Deleted files

Come students (X)   Gone Students (X)

• I solve the given assignments sincerely.
• MAI INTERVIEW MEIN PUCHE HUE QUESTIONS KO ACHE SE REVISE KAR LUNGA.

I will revise asked questions of the interview thoroughly.

• MERI SISTER SOLVE KIYE QUESTIONS KO REFER NHI KARTI HAI. VO QUESTION KHUD SOLVE KARTI HAI.

My sister doesn’t refer solved questions, she solves them herself.

• USNE REPAIR KIYA HUA LAPTOP ACHE PRICE MEIN APNE FRIENDS KO SELL KAR DIYA.

He sold the repaired laptop to his friends at a good price.

• MEETING ME DISCUSS KIYE GYE POINTS, MAINE NOTE KAR LIYE THE.

I had noted all the discussed points of the meeting.  

• RAKESH NE PREPARE KIYE GYE NOTES, PHLE HI CLASS ME DISTRIBUTE KAR DIYE THE.

Rakesh had already distributed all the prepared notes in the class.

• MANGAL BAAZAR ME BIKA HUA MAAL VAPAS NHI LIYA JATA HAI.

In mangal bazar, sold goods are not returned.

As per past participle, v3 become the adjective. V3=ADJ.

DHULE HUE KAPDE- Washed clothes

SELECT KIYE GYE CANDIDATES- Selected Candidates

REJECT KIYE GYE CANDIDATES- Rejected Candidates

MISS KI GYI CALLS- Missed calls

Receive Ki GYI CALLS- Received calls.

BIKA HUA MAAL- Sold Items

REPAIR KIYA HUA PANKHA- Repaired fan

V3 becomes adjective; it is applicable to only transitive verbs.

The verbs which have object with them are called transitive verbs.

Come                    came                     come                     AYE HUE STUDENTS

                                                                                                Come students

Go                          went                     gone                      gone people

                                                                                                GYE HUE LOG

Identification: we have “HUA” in these sentences.

• AMITABH BACHCHAN AAJ BHI FEKE HUE PAISE NHI UDHATA HAI.

Amitabh Bachchan doesn’t pick thrown money even on today also.

• VAH JUDHE BARTAN ME PANI PEE RHA HAI.

He is drinking water in tasted utensils/ used utensils.

• USNE REPAIR KIYA HUA PANKHA ACHCHE PRICE ME BECH DIYA HAI.

He has sold a repaired fan at a good price.

• VAH SUBAH SE PREPARE KI GYI SWEETS KO ENJOY KAR RHA HAI.

He has been enjoying prepared sweets since morning.

• USNE MISS KI GYI KE BAARE ME BAAR BAAR SOCHA.

He thought repeatedly about the missed train.

• MAI RECOMMEND KIYE GYE CANDIDATES SE EXPERIENCE LE RHA THA.

I was taking experience from the recommended candidates.

• MAINE DISMISS KIYE GYE PLAN KE BARE ME SABHI FRIENDS KO INFORM KAR DIYA THA. 

I had informed all my friends about the dismissed plan.

• MERA BHAI SUBAH SE DIYE GYE ASSIGNMENT KO SOLVE KAR RHA THA.

My brother had been solving the given assignment since morning.

• MANISH PROPOSE KIYE GYE PLAN KO DUBARA CONSIDER KREGA. 

Manish will reconsider the proposed plan.

• VAH TUTE HUE GAMLO KO DUKH SE NIHAAR RHA HOGA.

He will be gazing at broken pots sadly.

• USNE ACHCHE SE ARRANGE KI HUI MEETING ME SABHI KO INVITE KAR LIYA HOGA.

He will have invited everyone in well arranged meeting.

• SABHI STUDENTS CLASS MEIN DISCUSS KIYE GYE TOPICS KO BAHUT DER SE ANALYSE KR RHE HONGE.

All students will have been analyzing the discussed topics of the class for a long time.

• MERE DOST NE SABHI AMANTRIT ATITHIYON KO DIL SE SWAGAT KIYA.

My frined gave warm welcome to all invited guests.

• MAI SABHI INTERVIEW KIYE HUE CANDIDATES KO FINAL ROUND KE LIYE DELHI BULAUNGA.

I will call all the interviewed candidates to Delhi for the final round.

Grammatically – shall should be used with I and we.

I shall go there. (It means I may or may not go there.)

I will go there. (It shows surety that you will go there.)

Centraining graph

May – 0% certain – Karan Arjun may come.

                                I shall meet Karan Arjun today.

Will- 50% certain- My Karan Arjun will come. 

                                I will have coffee with Karan Arjun.

Must- 100% certain- My Karan Arjun must come. 

                                I must try to know about them today.

Wear                     wore                     worn

                                                                Weired

                                                                Wored (X)

• REETA HAMESHA DHULE HUE AUR PRESS KIYE HUE KAPDE PAHNTI HAI.

Reeta always wears washed and ironed clothes.  

• USNE CHABAY HUE CHEWNGUM KO NIGAL LIYA.

He swallowed the chewed chewngum.  

Perfect participle

There are two actions and one of them is perfect. Generally we have the hindi word “KE BAAD” in such sentences.

•  CLASS ATTEND KRNE KE BAAD MAI MOVIE DEKHNE GYA.

Handy way: after + ing form

After attending the class, I went out to watch movie.

• Trandional way:

I went out to watch movie after I had attended the session.

• Latest way : having + V3

Having attended the session, I went out to watch movie.

YE TOPIC PADTE HI MUJHE CONFIDENCE AA GYA.

Studying this topic, I got confidence.

IS TOPIC KO PADHNE KE BAAD, MAINE EXERCISE SOLVE KI.

Having studied this topic, I solved exercises.

I solved exercises after I had studied this topic.

After studying this topic, I solved exercises. 

• SARE TOPICS ACHCHE SE PADHNE KE BAAD, MAINE PYQs LAGANA SHURU KIYA.

1. Having studied all the topics well, I started solving PYQs.
2. After studying all the topics well, I started solving PYQs.
3. I started solving PYQs after I had studied all the topics well.

• PARTY ENJOY KRNE KE BAAD, SAB APNE APNE GHAR CHALE GYE.

1. Having enjoyed the party, everyone went to their respective homes.
2. After enjoying the party, everyone went to their respective homes.
3. Everyone went to their respective homes after they had enjoyed the party.

• IS BUSINESS KO 2 SAAL ACHCHE SE RUN KRNE KE BAAD, MERE BHAI 2 AUR

NYE BUSINESS SHURU KIYE

1. Having run this business perfectly for 2 cosecutive years, my brother started 2 more new businesses.
2. After running this business for 2 consecutive years, my brother started 2 more new businesses.
3. My brother started two more new businesses after he had run this business successfully for 2 consecutive years.

• IS HOME LOAN KI PAANCH KISHTE CHUKANE KE BAAD USNE ACCOUNT CLOSE KAR DIYA.

1. Having paid five installments to this home loan, he closed his account.
2. After paying five installments to this home loan, he closed his account.
3. He closed his account after he had paid five installments to this home loan.

• IS EXAM MEIN 3 BAAR FAIL HONE KE BAAD, USNE BUSINESS KRNA SHURU KAR DIYA

1. Having failed three times in this exam, he started doing business.
2. After failing three times in this exam, he started doing business.
3. He started doing business after he had failed three times in this exam.

• USKE BADTAMEEZI BHARE BARTAV KO DEKHE HI VAH APNE HOSH KHO BAITHA.

Seeing her immodest behavior, he lost his consciousness/ senses/ conscience.

• USNE APNA KHOYA HUA VEHICLE BAHUD DOONDHA LEKIN KAHIN NHI MILA.

He searched for his lost vehicle a lot but he didn’t find.

• PPDT CLEAR KRNE KE BAAD USNE BAKI PHASES ME ACHCHA PERFORM KIYA.

1. Having cleared PPDT, He performed well in other phases of exam.
2. After clearing PPDT, he performed well in other phases of exam.
3. He performed well in other phases of exam after he had cleared his PPDT.

• USKI MUSKARAHAT DEKHTE HI, VAH USKA DIWANA HO GYA.

Seeing her smile, he got infatuated for her.

• USSE DOSTI KRNE KE BAAD, MUJHE USKE BARE ME BAHUT KUCH JANNE KO MILA.

1. Having made friendship with her, I got to know much more about her.
2. After making friendship with her, I got to know much more about her.
3. I got to know much more about her after I had made friendship with her.  

• IS TOPIC KO PADHNE SE PAHLE, MAI ISKI EXERCISE SOLVE KAR CHUKA THA.

1. Before + ing form/ after + ing form

Before studying this topic, I had already solved its exercise.

1. I had already solved its exercise before I studied this topic.

• CLASS ATTEND KRNE KE BAAD MAI CRICKET KHELNE GYA.

1. After attending the class, I went to play cricket.
2. I went to play cricket after I had attended the class.
3. Having attended the class, I went to play cricket.

• IS EXAM ME SAFLATA PANE KE BAAD, MAI SOCIAL WORK ME KHUD KO INVOLVE KRUNGA.

1. After getting success in this exam, I will involve myself into social work.
2. I will involve myself into social work after I get success in this exam.
3. Having achieved success in this exam, I will involve myself into social work.

• APNI NANI JI SE MILNE KE BAAD, VAH PRAYAGRAJ KE LIYE NIKLEGA.

1. After meeting his maternal grandmother, he will leave for Prayagraj.
2. He will leave for Prayagraj after he meets his maternal grandmother.
3. Having met her maternal grandmother, he will leave for Prayagraj.  

• WHAN 2 DIN RUKNE KE BAAD, USE US PLACE KA ACHCHA EXPERIENCE HO JAYEGA.

1. After staying there for two days, he will have a good experience of that place.
2. He will have a good experience of that plays after he stays there for two days.
3. Having stayed there for two days, he will have a good experience of that place.

Difference in “instead of” “inspite of” and “besides of”

Instead of means in place of “KE STHAAN PAR”

Inspite of means though “KE BAWJOOD”

Besides of means in addition to “KE ALAWA”

• Instead of learning past participle, we should learn vocabulary.
• Inspite of learning present participle, he is unable to frame sentences.
• Besides of learning participles, we discussed other topics as well.

Perfect means completion of task.

I have read all the examples.

I have learnt all the topics.

He had informed me.

All the students will have noted these sentences.