Most Important Rules and Concept of Tenses 

Tenses: It means time. Time is a natural concept.

Today- Present

Yesterday- Past

Tomorrow- Future

Identification: Helping verbs help in identification of tenses.

Understanding of Helping Verbs

Helping verbs are based on the category of the sentences.

• Simple sentences [to show the things]

• Action oriented sentences [state of an action]

Categories of Action oriented sentences

Note: In future we have the following differences in the helping verbs.  

Shall- I, we [I shall do it means I may or may not do it.]

I will come tomorrow is more certain than I shall come tomorrow.

Will- they, you, I, He, She

Singular- He, she, it, any Name

Plural- I, YOU, WE, THEY

Present Indefinite: Routine related things, Habitual Actions, Universal facts, General things

• I wake up at 6 AM.

• I go for morning walk.

• I meet my friends there. I interact with in English.

• I return in half an hour.

• I take tea. I read English newspaper. I spot the unfamiliar words.

• I get ready for the institute.

• I come to the institute.

Habits- she keeps smiling. She teases me. I chase her. She starts crying on trifles. I allay her.

I like to cook food. I like cycling. I like to interact with new people. I talk to others politely. I don’t create any nuisance. I just mind my own business.

Universal Facts:

• The earth moves round the sun.

• The sun rises in the east.

• Honesty is always identified in your deeds.

• True love always wins.

How to become an officer in Armed Forces?

• At first a candidate fills the form of NDA exam.

• he/she prepares well for NDA exam.

• that candidate appears in NDA exam.

• if that candidate qualifies NDA exam, he gets the opportunity to go for the interview.

• If he/she qualifies the interview, he is given chance for medical test.

I am attending the classes carefully. [C]

I have been attending the classes since morning. [PC]

Since- point of time [Name of day, date, hour, year] 

For- period of time [duration of days, hour]
 

Important Rules

1. Past follows past

2. Past Indefinite + past perfect

• He informed me that he had booked my ticket.

• Anshul told me that he would discuss the problems with his father.

• Manoj has been working in this organization perseveringly for last 10 years.

• I have been solving PYQs for many days.

• He hasn’t been coming to the institute since Monday.

• These days he is discussing complex topics in the classes.

• I have been teaching tenses for last one hour.

• I have been standing here since 11 ‘o’ clock.

3. In conditional clauses, future indefinite tense is not used. Present indefinite tense is used. Conditional clauses may start from when, if, unless, until, as soon as, as long as, in case, before, after.

As soon as you will find (a)/ a reasonable answer, you will (b)/ share it with me. (c)/ No Error (d)

Correct Answer: a)

Explanation: in place of future indefinite in conditional clause, there should be present indefinite. The right sentence is

As soon as you find a reasonable answer, you will share it with me.

• We use present indefinite case for a certain action in future.

He opens a new library next week.

• Present continuous is used to show the actions of near future.

They are going to Varanasi tonight.

• The usage of ‘These days’ in a sentence shows that the sentence should be in continuous category.

Ankita is learning accent these days.

Spotting Errors

1. Ankita informed me (a)/ that she purchased a new (b)/ house last month. (c)/ No Error (d)

Correct Answer: b)

Explanation: if there are two sentence of past tense and one of the actions is perfect so that action must be in perfect category. There is a combination of past indefinite and past perfect. The right sentence is

Ankita informed me that she had purchased a new house last month.

2. As soon as you will find any difficulty (a)/ in accommodating there, (b)/ you will report it to me. (c)/ No Error (d)

Correct Answer: a)

Explanation: Conditional clauses like if, when, whether…. Or, while, as soon as, as long as, until, unless, provided, the condition remains in present indefinite.

If it rains, I shall not go to school.

Until you practice these rules practically, you will not be able to remember them.

I will follow you provided your suggestion is worth following.

3. “It is high time (a)/ you are starting this work.” (b)/ My friend said to me. (c)/ No Error (d)

Correct Answer: b)

Explanation: use ‘you started’ in place of ‘you are starting’. If we show unfulfilled wishes, condition, desire we use ‘it is time’, ‘it is high time’, ‘I wish’, ‘if’, ‘as if’. We use past indefinite in these cases.

4. Anuj told me that (a)/ he will commence (b)/ this process shortly. (c)/ No Error (d)

Correct Answer: b)

Explanation: past follows past. If one sentence is in past, the next will also be in past.

5. The teacher said to us (a)/ that we should stay (b)/ at home if it rains. (c)/ No Error (d)

Correct Answer: c)

Explanation: past follows past

The right sentence

The teacher said to us that we should stay at home if it rained.

6. Sushma arrived here, did all preparations (a)/ and then has called on (b)/ one of her intimate friends. (c)/ No Error (d)

Correct Answer: b)

7. The thief was caught (a)/ after he has disposed of (b)/ the stolen goods. (c)/ No Error (d)

Correct Answer: b)

8. I had hoped that (a)/ I would see you the (b)/ other day, but unfortunately I fell ill.  (c)/ No Error (d)

Correct Answer: d)

9. Had he come even a moment (a)/ earlier, he would have found (b)/ me there. (c)/ No Error (d)

Correct Answer: d)

If he had come even a moment earlier, he would have found me there.  

• Had you informed me in advance, I would have been ready for it.

• Had you gone with me, you would have enjoyed this trip more.

• Had we learnt grammar sincerely, we would have answered these concepts easily.

10. I have been adoring her (a)/ for the voice with (b)/ which she is gifted. (c)/ No Error (d)

Correct Answer: a)

Explanation: adore, admire, believe, rely, trust, hope are not used in continuous or perfect continuous tense.

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